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Research & findings

The AP cliff: in Washington, how many college-level exams your high school offers tracks its poverty rate almost as closely as its address

Among the 254 Washington comprehensive public high schools whose AP results OSPI publishes, students at the lowest-poverty quarter sit a median of 42 AP exams per 100 kids enrolled. At the highest-poverty quarter, the median is two. The correlation between a school's poverty rate and its AP load is about as strong as anything in the data.

Published May 11, 2026 · updated May 13, 2026APequityhigh schoolscollege access
42 → 2
Median AP exams per 100 students at WA's lowest- vs. highest-poverty public high schools (among those in OSPI's SAT/AP report)

Advanced Placement is the most common on-ramp to college-level work in an American high school: take the class, sit the exam, and a score of 3 or higher often turns into college credit. It is also, in Washington, distributed about as unevenly as anything in public education.

We looked at every comprehensive public high school in the state — public schools coded HIGH in the OSPI directory, with low grade ≤9, high grade 12, and enrollment ≥200 (329 schools). Of those, 254 appear in OSPI's October SAT/AP report (the only public source of school-level AP results in Washington); the other 75, including some large Eastern Washington and Spokane-area schools, don't, and we set them aside — see the data-coverage note below. Among the 254 schools we can see, we counted AP exams sat in 2024-25 against total enrollment, and sorted by the share of students from low-income families.

AP exam volume vs. school poverty — WA comprehensive public high schools where OSPI publishes AP data, 2024-25
Poverty quartile (share low-income)SchoolsMedian AP exams per 100 studentsShare of schools offering any AP
Q1 — lowest poverty644294%
Q2632084%
Q3631179%
Q4 — highest poverty64269%

Denominator is total school enrollment; AP-takers concentrate in grades 11-12, so per-upperclassman rates run roughly double these. The shape is the point: each step up in poverty roughly halves the typical AP load, and in the poorest quartile nearly a third of schools sat no AP exams at all.

−0.59
Correlation between a school's low-income share and its AP exams per student (254 comprehensive public high schools)

How often "zero" actually happens

Of the 254 comprehensive public high schools whose AP results are in the OSPI report, 47 — about one in five — sat zero AP exams in 2024-25. Together they enroll roughly 21,500 students. Most are small rural schools where staffing even one AP section is hard, or specialty / option schools that have moved to Cambridge AICE, IB, College in the High School, or Running Start dual-enrollment instead. So zero AP volume isn't, on its own, evidence of a failing school — it usually means "college-level coursework lives in another lane here."

Highest AP volume, WA comprehensive public high schools (AP exams per 100 students, 2024-25)
SchoolDistrict / areaAP exams per 100 students
Nikola Tesla STEM High SchoolLake Washington SD (Redmond)~223
Newport Senior High SchoolBellevue SD~143
Bellevue High SchoolBellevue SD~126
Eastlake High SchoolLake Washington SD (Sammamish)~116
Lincoln High School (Tacoma)Tacoma SD~113
Redmond High SchoolLake Washington SD~111

The data we can't see

OSPI's school-level SAT/AP results live in a single annual PDF — College Board doesn't publish school-level numbers, and OSPI's open-data portal carries nearly every other report-card field except this one. The PDF covers 474 schools statewide, and after name-matching to OSPI's directory, 254 of the 329 comprehensive public high schools have AP results attached. The other 75 are missing from the PDF entirely — including Mount Si (Snoqualmie), Ferris and Mt Spokane (Spokane area), Davis and Eisenhower (Yakima), Cleveland STEM (Seattle), Gov. John Rogers (Puyallup), and several others. Some of these schools almost certainly have substantial AP programs; we just can't see them here. Whatever the full statewide picture is, it's a fair bet the gradient is at least this steep, because the missing schools skew toward the kinds of places (large suburban districts on the Spokane side, mid-poverty Yakima Valley districts) that would land in the middle two quartiles anyway.

The catch with reading too much into it

AP volume is an input, not an outcome — a school can serve its students well through IB, Running Start, College in the High School, or AICE and still show zero AP. So this is not a ranking of school quality. What it is is a map of access to one specific, portable, widely-recognized form of college-level coursework — and on that measure, where a Washington kid goes to high school still does a lot of the talking.

Methodology

Universe: public schools coded HIGH in the OSPI directory with a low grade ≤9, a high grade of 12, and enrollment ≥200 — a working definition of a "comprehensive" high school that excludes most alternative, online, skill-center, and transition programs (329 schools). Of those, 254 are matched to a row in OSPI's October 2024 SAT/AP PDF, the only public school-level source for AP results in Washington (College Board publishes only state aggregates; OSPI's Socrata datasets cover every other report-card field except SAT/AP). The remaining 75 comprehensive HS are absent from that PDF and were excluded from all per-quartile statistics. AP exam counts (ap_total_exams) and AP-taker counts come from that PDF; "offers any AP" means a non-zero AP-taker count. Low-income share is OSPI's October low-income headcount divided by total enrollment; quartiles are computed across the 254 in-PDF schools (so each Q has ~63-64 schools, not the ~82 you'd get against all 329). "AP exams per 100 students" uses total school enrollment as the denominator — AP participation concentrates in grades 11-12, so per-upperclassman figures run roughly double; cross-school comparisons are unaffected. The correlation is Pearson's r between low-income share and AP-exams-per-student across the 254 in-PDF schools. Earlier circulated drafts of this finding treated "missing from PDF" as "zero AP," which deflated the AP-load figures for Q3/Q4 and inflated the number of "no-AP" schools to 122; that's been corrected here.

Sources

  • OSPI October 2024 SAT/AP report (PDF) — school-level results
  • OSPI Washington State Report Card — enrollment & low-income counts, 2024-25
  • OSPI school directory — grade spans & school types

About the data

These figures come from the WA K12 Academic Atlas — an interactive map of every K-12 school in Washington, assembled from twelve public data sources. Browse the map · see the rankings. Reporters: see the note on the research index.

All research · ← Twelve high schools have won about a third of every team state championship in Washington's modern history · Washington publishes building-level data for all 2,438 of its public schools. For its 503 private schools, it publishes none. →